Lyrics to Finnemore’s Woof Woof Woof

Well, since you asked me for the lyrics to Finnemore’s Woof Woof Woof, Goes The Wolfhound…

Three major variants appear in the series. Here they are:

Pier Pressure version (Episode 1)

(Two, three, four!)
“Woof woof woof,” woofs the wolfhound
“Arf arf arf,” barks the chow
The bloodhound howls “ow ow ow ow”
The dogs of war sing sweetly now

Truly, wonders never cease
The dogs of war sing songs of peace
The nightingale informs us so from the tree

Dogs may snarl and dogs may slather
The nightingale prefers to have her songs set in a more melodious key
So she sings:

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Yin and Yang

Yin and yang are no strangers to English speakers. The dark and the bright. The cold and the warm. The chaos and the order.

Let’s get one thing out of the way: yang sounds like “young”. An a in pinyin always sounds like aah. Pinyin wasn’t designed with English in mind.

The concepts of yīn and yáng come from Taoism, a philosophy that has tremendous influence on the Chinese languages and cultures, but that few today actually understand. A typical Chinese person might not know much more about yin and yang than a typical Westerner, but they will know these words that involve this dual concept:

太阳tài yang

太阳 is the sun. 阳 is usually reduced to a natural tone, but when enunciating or in a theatrical setting, it might still be read in the second tone.

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Bilingual chain: a game | 双语链条:游戏开始

Here’s how this game works. I start with a word in Chinese, and I translate it into English. The English word will have multiple meanings, so I’ll translate it into a different Chinese word. The Chinese word will have multiple meanings, so I’ll translate it into a different English word, and so on and so forth, until we reach a word so specific that it can’t be translated in two different ways.

游戏规则:从一个汉语词开始,地二把它翻译成英文。这个英文词有多个含义,地二取其中一个译回汉语。这个汉语词又有多个含义,地二取其中一个译回英语,如此往复,直到找不出多义词为止。听上去有些困难,但是汉语和英语多义词都很多,而不同语种的两个语言,每个词的外延经常不完整覆盖,所以形成一个长链条其实很容易。

This may sound a bit difficult, but both Chinese and English have lots of homonyms, and their definitions rarely overlap exactly, so it’s not entirely challenging to form a reasonably long chain. What better word to start with than game:

游戏yóu xì

游戏 is the most straightforward translation of game. It goes with wán; to play a game is 玩游戏. A word game is 文字wén zì游戏, which, without context, typically refers to the dishonest practice rather than the innocent fun. Board games are often abbreviated to 桌游zhuō yóu, and video games are called 电脑diàn nǎo游戏 if played on a computer, or 街机jiē jī游戏 (lit. street machine games) if played on an arcade machine.

既然是做游戏,那就从“游戏”这个词开始。游戏一般翻译成 game。桌游叫做 board games,文字游戏可以翻译成 word games。汉语里提到文字游戏,一般是指咬字眼纠细节那种不诚实行为,但是诸如成语接龙等文字类的游戏也可以称作 word games。电脑游戏,一般叫做 video games(很少叫 △ computer games),但 video games 也指在游戏厅玩的那种街机游戏。

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Italics in Chinese

Western languages often make use of italics to convey certain intonations. If you haven’t noticed before, italics is a separate font, and not just a mechanical tilting of the upright letters. (Mechanical tilting does exist, and it’s called oblique.) Compare:

The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.

The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.

In case you see something different in your browser, this is how it appears to me:

Notice the “a” and the “g” which are now completely different, and the rounded “v” and “w”. Other letters are subtly different too (do you see how the middle of the “e” is now curved?).

Now, here’s something that lots of foreign companies don’t pay attention to in their translated user manuals and web pages: italics doesn’t exist in Chinese. The “italics” button usually just turns Chinese characters into oblique (mechanical tilt); it looks ugly, and it’s the sign of a poorly typeset piece of text.

What does Chinese use instead? It depends on what you are using italics for.

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Reading Math Out Loud | 数学公式的英语读法

This will be a bilingual post. 本文双语。

When multiple readings are possible, the most commonly used ones are listed on top. 有多种读法时,最常用的读法排在前面。

For Chinese learners

英文读法在这里

Basic arithmetic | 四yùnsuàn

1 + 2

jiā

一加shàng

one plus two

add two to one

1 – 2

jiǎn

一减

one minus two

subtract two from one

one takeaway two*

* takeaway 稍不正式,一般是教小孩子做减法时这么说。

1 × 2

chéng

二乘一

one multiplied by two

one times two

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过去、条件与虚拟

英语中每个动词最多只有五种形式(唯一的特例是 be)。在西方语言中,英语是个特例——学过法语、德语、西班牙语等的同学们都知道,一个动词能有多少种变化:

法语动词 offrir (to offer, to provide) 的一部分变形
图片来源:https://conjugator.reverso.net/conjugation-french-verb-offrir.html

英语中一个显著的区别,就是没有单独的虚拟形式。

过去形式

英文中的所有动词,全部都有现在和过去形式。在《动词的五种形式》里,地二把这两种形式称作一形二形

描述过去的动作,英文中有两种结构。

一形变二形

能从一形变二形的,就从一形变二形。

(1a) I know. / 我知道。→ I knew. / 我早就知道。
(1b) I have three apples. / 我有三个苹果。→ I had three apples. / 我曾有三个苹果。
(1c) I need to leave. / 我得走了。→ I needed to leave. / 我当时得走了。

这种变形语法上不复杂,重点在于对过去时态的掌握。汉语中没有明确的过去时态,有些时候可能会忘记变形。

(2a) James died on Sunday. He was 59. / James 周日过世了,享年59岁。
(2b) I told him I didn’t want to go. / 我跟他说了我不想去。
(2c) It’s your birthday today? I didn’t know. / 你今天生日?我才知道。

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比较句

汉语中的比较句结构非常简单。

(1a) 张三比李四高。
(1b) 李四不如张三高。
(1c) 比起李四,张三更高。
(1d) 张三和李四一样高。

(1a’) John is taller than Harry.
(1b’) Harry is not as tall as John.
(1c’) Compared to Harry, John is taller.
(1d’) John is as tall as Harry.

英语中的比较句稍微灵活一些。比如,这句话译成汉语就比较困难:

(2) This car is more expensive than it is fast.

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Short divisions, etc.

Starbucks has got to have the most annoying drink sizes of all coffee shops. Instead of small, medium, and large, they offer “tall”, “grande”, and “venti”. It’s sometimes English and sometimes Italian, the small size is called “tall” and the medium size means “big”, and the large size forgoes adjectives altogether and just calls itself “twenty”. Twenty what? Twenty fluid ounces, of course, which, as we all know, is the standard unit for measuring coffee drinks worldwide and especially in Italy (yeah, right).

I can’t do anything about the fluid ounces, but the “tall” name actually has an explanation: Starbucks offers five drink sizes, not three:

Size NameFluid Ounces
Short8 fl oz
Tall12 fl oz
Grande16 fl oz
Venti20 fl oz for cold drinks, 24 hot
Trenta31 fl oz
As of October 2021

It certainly looks like they planned to offer the first three sizes — short, tall, and grande — as the standard sizes, and venti and trenta were meant to be “super sized” drinks. Who knows, maybe the short cup is too short, maybe they underestimated the American appetite, it came to be that the middle three sizes became the standard. You can still ask for a short at Starbucks; they just don’t list that size on the menu anymore.

This venti-sized intro leads us to today’s main topic: we all know long division from school. Is there a short division?

Yes. Yes there is.

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动词的五种形式

英文中每个动词有五种形式:一形、二形、三形、四形、他她它形。

变形举例

这五种形式,大家都是很熟悉的,甚至能叫得出语法上的正式名称。各种形式的作用,地二等下再谈,这里先用一些常见动词举例:

一形二形三形四形他她它形
dodiddonedoingdoes
havehadhadhavinghas
playplayedplayedplayingplays
comecamecomecomingcomes
givegavegivengivinggives
feelfeltfeltgeelingfeels
gowentgonegoinggoes
looklookedlookedlookinglooks

唯有 be 一个动词有多于五种形式:

一形二形三形四形你我他她它形
bewas, werebeenbeingam, are, is

情态动词没有三形和四形,他她它形退化成一形:

一形二形三形四形他她它形
cancouldcan
shallshouldshall
maymightmay
willwouldwill
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Hindsight is 5.0

As the saying goes, “hindsight is 20/20”, meaning “things are clearer in retrospect”. 20/20 is a measure of a person’s visual acuity: you can see from 20 feet away what a “normal” person can also see from 20 feet away. In other words, your eyesight is normal (but you can still be colorblind, etc).

20/20 isn’t perfect vision; people with good eyesights often measure 20/15 or even 20/10 — they can see from 20 feet away what a “normal” person can only see from 15 or 10 feet away. D. R. on the other hand is severely nearsighted and measures worse than 20/200 without correction — without my glasses on, I can only see at 20 feet what “normal” people can see from 200 feet or even further away. 20/20 is the low end of “normal”; if you see at least 20/20, then an eye doctor wouldn’t prescribe you any glasses.

Decimals

What’s special about “20 feet”? Not much, really. It’s just been a standard testing distance since the Dutch ophthalmologist (= eye scientist) Herman Snellen came up with this measurement. In metric countries (i.e. outside the US), optometrists (= eye doctors) write 6/6 (meters) instead of 20/20. 6.00m = 19.7ft, but humans like round numbers.

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